Plan Frente A La Pandemia Por COVID-19 Para El Año 2022

Objectives

Peru’s 2022 Technical Plan for COVID-19 Preparedness and Response seeks to protect the lives and health of people at risk of, or affected by, COVID-19, reducing morbidity, mortality, disability, harm and complications nationwide through territorial management.[1]It addresses the central problem of heightened exposure risk and the pandemic’s substantial effects on the population, within a context of a projected third wave and high prior mortality, particularly among older adults.[2][3][4]

• Improve the Ministry of Health’s capacity to prevent and reduce COVID-19 morbidity, mortality and disability throughout the country.[1]
• Prevent and control community transmission through an integrated life-course health-care model.[1][5]
• Strengthen health-service capacity to maintain care for people with COVID-19 and for those with other health conditions.[1][6]
• Reinforce multisectoral, intergovernmental, territorial and social participation in the pandemic response.[1][7]
• Prioritise vaccination, early case detection, epidemiological surveillance, contact tracing, clinical follow-up, service continuity, health-system capacity and social responsibility.[8][9]
• Align action with the Ministry of Health Strategic Institutional Plan 2019-2024, including disease prevention and control, quality access through integrated health networks, and stronger stewardship and governance.[10]

The target population is Peru’s estimated 2022 population of 33,396,698 people, including approximately 1,301,315 Venezuelan immigrants; health surveillance estimated 2,276,981 people as susceptible to COVID-19 infection.[9]The plan incorporates human rights, gender equity, intercultural health and territorial-management approaches, including culturally appropriate vaccination communication for Andean and Amazonian Indigenous peoples and the Afro-Peruvian population.[11][12]

Priority service objectives include strengthening first-, second- and third-level care; managing mild cases through Temporary Isolation and Case-Follow-up Centres and Temporary Oxygen Therapy Centres; expanding temporary hospitalisation and critical-care capacity; and improving medicinal-oxygen coverage across all care levels.[13][14][15]The plan also seeks to strengthen laboratory capacity for timely molecular diagnosis, workplace risk prevention and surveillance, identification of post-COVID-19 sequelae, and public communication on vaccination, prevention and control.[16]

Implementation

Implementation combines central Ministry of Health leadership with regional and local coordination, integrated service delivery, surveillance-led targeting and operational monitoring. The plan is mandatory for participating Ministry of Health and National Institute of Health bodies and organisational units, and is a reference for regional authorities and public, private and mixed health institutions preparing 2022 COVID-19 plans.[17]It was formulated jointly by the Vice-Ministerial Offices for Public Health and for Health Services and Insurance, with Ministry of Health and National Institute of Health participation.[1]

• Deliver first-level COVID-19 care through fixed, mobile and telehealth modalities, supported by multidisciplinary Integral Intervention Teams trained in surveillance, specimen collection, syndromic management, clinical follow-up and individual and public-health interventions.[18]
• Organise referral, counter-referral, bed management, hospital and intensive-care access, temporary isolation, oxygen therapy, medical supplies, personal protective equipment, medicines and medical devices across care levels.[9][19]
• Operate Temporary Care and Isolation Centres affiliated with second- or third-level facilities, under a medical director or designated health-care lead, using adapted premises such as hospital-adjacent areas, stadiums, fairgrounds and educational institutions.[14]
• Expand medicinal-oxygen infrastructure, cylinders and concentrators, alongside monitoring of oxygen producers, distributors, stocks and consumption through the RENOXI-Peru application.[20][15][21]
• Implement vaccination through the updated national vaccination plan, cold-chain strengthening, technical assistance, information systems and targeted communication.[22]
• Detect suspected cases early through molecular and antigen testing, trace and monitor contacts, follow confirmed cases, identify transmission hotspots and monitor emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants.[8][9][12]
• Conduct workplace surveillance and inspection of COVID-19 prevention and control plans, risk-and-harm surveillance, post-COVID medical and psychological assessments, and outbreak surveillance in workplaces, markets, transport and other settings.[16][5]

Governance includes coordination among the Ministry of Health, regional and local governments, regional health authorities, health facilities, laboratories, Integrated Health Networks, public insurance institutions and relevant technical bodies.[8][19][23]The Ministry of Health Regional Liaison Sectoral Team supports linkage, coordination and monitoring between the Ministry and regional authorities.[18]Regional Health Directorates and Regional Health Management Offices are responsible for formulating, approving, implementing, monitoring and evaluating regional plans aligned with the national plan.[24]

The General Directorate for Disaster Risk Management and National Health Defence is responsible for supervising, monitoring and evaluating the plan, obtaining activity and target-compliance reports from Ministry of Health and National Institute of Health units, and consolidating these into technical reports.[24]The General Office for Decentralised Management, through Regional Liaison Sector Teams, supports monitoring of regional implementation.[24]Annexes provide an indicator matrix and matrices for programming and tracking physical and budgetary targets.[25]

Operational information systems support surveillance, notification and capacity management, including NotiCovid, SISCOVID, NetLab, SICOVID-19 for centralised hospital-bed availability, vaccination-monitoring systems, telemonitoring and contact-alert tools.[26][27][12][22]Monitoring covers case trends, hospital and intensive-care demand, bed availability, oxygen stocks, laboratory capacity, vaccination, health-worker resources, health-care-associated infections and public-health threats under the International Health Regulations.[28][21][12]

The 2022 budget totals 6,647,320,781 Peruvian soles, comprising 6,447,298,560 Peruvian soles for the Ministry of Health and 200,022,220 Peruvian soles for the National Institute of Health.[7][29]Activities are financed from resources referenced in Article 53 of Legislative Decree No. 1440; the extracts do not identify funding gaps or additional resource-mobilisation measures.[30][29]

Monitoring & Evaluation

The plan combines epidemiological surveillance, operational service monitoring and structured implementation oversight, although the supplied material does not provide a single consolidated set of outcome targets, indicator definitions or reporting calendar.[24][31][32]

• Monitor COVID-19 transmission through early identification of suspected cases, molecular and antigen testing, contact tracing, clinical follow-up and surveillance of emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants.[8][9]
• Use national notification systems to report diseases, outbreaks, epidemics and other public-health events, supported by case data from NotiCovid, SISCOVID and NetLab.[33][26]
• Track confirmed cases, attack rates, deaths and case-fatality rates by age, sex and region, alongside weekly national and regional case trends.[34][26][4]
• Monitor health-system pressure through hospitalisation, intensive-care use, bed occupancy, bed availability and effective reproduction numbers.[28][35][27]
• Manage hospital-bed availability centrally through the SICOVID-19 application and F500.2 format, covering hospitalisation and intensive-care capacity.[27]
• Track temporary-care infrastructure and utilisation, including CATS, COTs and Temporary Care and Isolation Centres, through SICOVID-19, the Ministry of Health Cloud and the Directorate for Monitoring and Evaluation of Health Management.[13][14]
• Monitor oxygen infrastructure, cylinder availability and health-workforce data through the Directorate-General for Health Operations, the National Register of Medicinal Oxygen and INFORHUS.[20][15][36]
• Track vaccination coverage, including first, second and third doses and vaccination of children aged 5 to 11 years, through Ministry of Health information systems.[36][37]
• Use operational indicators covering vaccination, suspected and confirmed cases, notification, diagnostic testing, contact follow-up and public-information campaigns.[31]
• Strengthen sentinel surveillance for COVID-19, influenza and other respiratory viruses; identify transmission hotspots; detect outbreaks and public-health threats promptly; and monitor vaccine safety, including serious events allegedly attributable to vaccination or immunisation.[12]
• Supervise healthcare-associated infection outbreaks, priority intensive-care units, essential-goods availability, oxygen stocks and consumption, including reporting through the RENOXI-Peru application.[12][21]
• Conduct workplace risk and harm surveillance, inspect workplace prevention and control plans, identify post-COVID-19 sequelae among workers, and investigate outbreaks in workplaces, markets, transport and other settings.[16][5]
• Undertake sanitary surveillance of COVID-19 healthcare waste, monitor deceased-person management, and strengthen surveillance at specified air and land points of entry under the International Health Regulations.[38]
• Assign the General Directorate for Disaster Risk Management and National Health Defence to supervise, monitor and evaluate the plan, request activity and target-compliance reports, and consolidate these into technical reports for relevant bodies.[24]
• Require regional health authorities to formulate, implement, monitor and evaluate aligned regional plans, with support from the General Office for Decentralised Management through Regional Liaison Sector Teams.[24]
• Use annexed indicator matrices and matrices for programming and tracking 2022 physical and budgetary targets.[25][32]

Formal evaluation methods, indicator baselines and targets, reporting frequency, public disclosure arrangements and independent accountability mechanisms are not specified in the supplied extracts.[24][31][16]

Costing & Financing

The 2022 COVID-19 plan has an explicit total budget of 6,647,320,781 Peruvian soles, with funding assigned to the Ministry of Health and the National Institute of Health; most other extracts describe budget-linked activities or resource requirements without monetary detail.[7][29]

• Allocate 6,447,298,560 Peruvian soles to budget holder 011, the Ministry of Health, and 200,022,220 Peruvian soles to budget holder 131, the National Institute of Health.[7][29]
• Finance plan activities from resources referred to in Article 53 of Legislative Decree No. 1440 on the National Public Budget System.[30]
• Estimate the final 2022 budget using rounded amounts under the cited budget-execution directive.[29][30]
• Align Ministry of Health and National Institute of Health operational activities with their respective 2022 Opening Institutional Budgets and institutional operating plans.[39]
• Programme and track physical and budgetary targets through dedicated formulation and monitoring matrices.[25][16][32]
• Support procurement and distribution of strategic COVID-19 prevention and treatment resources through Ministry of Health financing, including referenced acquisitions, contracts, ambulance operations and IOARR 2520241.[19][40]

The extracts identify a risk of inadequate budget programming for continuous medicinal-oxygen supply, but do not quantify this risk or identify a funding gap.[8]They do not specify detailed allocations for laboratory capacity, vaccination, workforce, temporary facilities, telehealth, oxygen, communications or surveillance, nor additional resource-mobilisation measures or wider economic assumptions.[39][41][16]

Two entries of 1,000 appear in a 2022 budget matrix, including one associated with a DIOTEL row, but the source does not identify their unit, budget category, currency or meaning.[42]